nginx不仅是一个强大的web服务器，也是一个反向代理服务器。具有动静分离，轮询，权重，ip哈希，url哈希等负载均衡方式。
环境
前端服务器：
server 192.168.11.100（nginx）
后端服务器：
apache 192.168.11.101（apache）
apache 192.168.11.102（apache）
轮询（默认）
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| [root@100 nginx]# tree conf/
conf/
├── extra
│ └── test.conf
├── fastcgi.conf
├── fastcgi.conf.default
├── fastcgi_params
├── fastcgi_params.default
├── koi-utf
├── koi-win
├── mime.types
├── mime.types.default
├── nginx.conf
├── nginx.conf.default
├── scgi_params
├── scgi_params.default
├── uwsgi_params
├── uwsgi_params.default
└── win-utf
1 directory, 16 files
|
nginx.conf http模块填写include extra/*.conf;
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| [root@100 nginx]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf
upstream web-server
{
server 192.168.11.101:80;
server 192.168.11.102:80;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web-server;
}
}
|
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| [root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!101 static</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!101 static</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!101 static</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
|
weight
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| [root@100 sbin]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf
upstream web-server
{
server 192.168.11.101:80 weight=2;
server 192.168.11.102:80 weight=8;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web-server;
}
}
|
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| [root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!101 static</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!101 static</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
|
ip_hash
ip_hash是根据ip因子来分配后端服务器，需要nginx为最前端服务器。同时如果后端存在其他方式的负载均衡，会导致用户请求无法精准定位到之前的访问的同一台服务器，可借助upstream_hash第三方模块，一般还需使用url_hash。
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| [root@100 sbin]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf
upstream web-server
{
server 192.168.11.101:80 weight=2;
server 192.168.11.102:80 weight=8;
ip_hash;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web-server;
}
}
|
根据目录实现动静分离
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| [root@100 sbin]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf
upstream web-static
{
server 192.168.11.101:80;
}
upstream web-dynamic
{
server 192.168.11.102:80;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
location /static/ {
proxy_pass http://web-static/;
}
location /dynamic/ {
proxy_pass http://web-dynamic/;
}
}
|
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| [root@100 sbin]# curl test.com/static/
<html><body><h1>It works!101 static</h1></body></html>
[root@100 sbin]# curl test.com/dynamic/
<html><body><h1>It works!102 dynamic</h1></body></html>
|